A Protracted Struggle Ahead For Iraq - 2480 Words

In my current event article, Carter, Tawfeeq and Alkhshali show dissenting views between Iran s Leader Khamenei, and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry on the conflict in Iraq, where Khamenei blames the conflict on extremist and remnants of Husseins military and Kerry blames Iraq’s sectarian rule. Through academic journals and news articles I will show the sectarian policies enforced by Maliki s rule caused political instability and military and governmental weakness that generated the extremist ideologies in which fuel the ISIS advances. In Bill Ardolino and Bill Roggio’s analysis: â€Å"A protracted struggle ahead for Iraq,† they describe the factors that generated opportunities for Isis rapid advances, including a politically†¦show more content†¦As late as 2012 during the Sunni protests, many protestors distanced themselves from ISIS. According to Abu Risha, they have been fighting Al Qaeda in Anbar for the past six months, but need Americas support. ISIS military campaign was devoted to the assassinations of the Sunni leaders that fought against them, so they could eliminate the leaders who could continue to rally Iraqi Sunnis against ISIS. As a result, the mainstream Sunni nationalist and ISIS agendas are greatly divided, which will soon manifest itself into greater conflict as it currently does in Syria. ISIS is as strong as it has ever been with thousands of jihadists freed from Iraq’s jails, half a billion dollars looted from Mosul’s banks, and is flushed with internation al support and recruits, which makes the Sunni-on-Sunni struggle in ISIS held territory harder to uproot terrorist organizations in the territory it has acquired without outside assistance and organization. This struggle will become a sectarian war as according to Ardolino and Roggio, without quick political accommodation and direct Western intervention, the conflict could slip into â€Å"the sectarian ghettoization and murder that characterized the worst years of the Iraq War.† (Ardolino; Roggio) This sectarian divide is inflamed by Iranian

Abnormal Psychology Abuse, Addiction, Disorders Free Essays

Psychological Disorder Analysis ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: ABUSE, ADDICTION, DISORDERS Psy 270 Jalisa Cooper February 4, 2012 Final paper Psychological Disorder Analysis Psychological disorders can be very debilitating for those who suffer from them. Psychological disorders affect a person’s ability to function normally in their daily lives. In regards to the case study of Nicole the patient Nicole is a 40-year-old Hispanic female who comes to the mental health clinical complaining of trouble sleeping, feeling â€Å"jumpy† all of the time, and experiencing an inability to concentrate. We will write a custom essay sample on Abnormal Psychology: Abuse, Addiction, Disorders or any similar topic only for you Order Now These symptoms are causing problems for her at work, where she is a finance manager. Though the information in regards to Nicole is very limited and difficult to analyze, however the symptoms suggest that Nicole may be suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder can be difficult to diagnose and the symptoms are often unrecognizable. Posttraumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder which can develop from having experienced a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. Like many anxiety disorder they may cause jumpy and sleepless behavior depending on the anxiety disorder the individual may have. Traumatic disorders can be triggered by stress or any other event that may cause the individual to develop anxiety related symptoms. A traumatic event might be military combat experience, violent personal attacks, or even car accidents. Post-traumatic disorders can be triggered by something in their past that be generated from something major or insignificant. While Nicole’s profile within the case study does not state the existence of a traumatic event throughout her past or present life, however I can only assume that she many have experienced something in her past that may have been triggered by stress at work or another aspect in her life. It is common for the individual to withhold this information as it may be extremely difficult for them to relive the event because it may be too traumatic. Victims that may have experienced an event such as rape or car accident resulting in death or severe injuries may not experience symptoms at the moment of the event however they may develop symptoms shortly or later after the event once it is triggered by stress or other traumatic events. Being that the case study did not present a in depth history on Nicole I would attempt to gather information form the patient such as â€Å"Have you experienced a traumatic event recently or in your past? † This would be to gather information about the patient to that I can pin point the origin of what is causing her symptoms. The case study regarding Nicole mentions that she is a 40-year old woman that is suffering from a great deal of symptoms. According to the Demographics of â€Å"Faces of Abnormal Psychology Interactive: for Post-traumatic stress disorder†, middle age adults are more adversely affected than older and younger adults. In addition she is a Hispanic woman meaning for whatever disorder it is important to take into consideration her culture in treating her conditions. The DSM-IV states one of the criteria of Post-traumatic stress disorder is increased levels of arousal including insomnia, irritability, and hyper vigilance. People with these disorders may feel overly alert, be easily startled, develop sleep problems, and have trouble concentrating† (Comer, 2005). When suffering from PTSD and individual may begin to display symptoms of avoidance of any stimuli that is in anyway related or associated with the traumatic event. These methods many even include avoidance of thoughts, feelings and activities associated with are resemble the event. As stated in the case study Nicole mentioned that she is having complications with getting to sleep or in general getting the significant amount of sleep needed to maintain her energy level throughout the day. Through her lack of sleep she is experiencing difficulty concentrating at her work facility, where her position requires a focused mind and attentiveness. She also experiences the feeling of being jumpy frequently throughout the day which relates to being easily startled or paranoid due to a past experience in relation to her current stress levels. She may have experienced something in her past that is being stimulated by her events she participate in during the day causing her to flash back to that moment and relive this event. It is common for individuals that suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder to experience a sequence of involuntary flashbacks through thoughts and even dreams, which may also be an additional reason for Nicole’s lack of rest during the night. She may be involuntarily reliving her traumatic experience due to stress in her life preventing her to obtain the proper rest that she needs to function at work. The case study failed to explain her social life and the relationships she may have with others thus it does explain her detachment to her work assignments and her lack of focus to stay on task. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms reflect emotional detachment from friends and family causing them to be unable to express loving feelings for them. Post- traumatic stress disorder individuals become hyper-vigilant which could cause them to become chronically un-alert to the things and events around them rendering them unresponsive. Which is another symptom that Nicole the case study patient displays throughout her explanation of her working abilities, she displays a lack of concentration to the tasks at hand and jumpy feeling all the time. Those that suffer from this disorder may often become startled easily and suffer from difficulty of sleeplessness. Those individuals with PTSD often develop other disorder such as depression; substance related disorders as well as anxiety disorders. Meaning those that suffer from severe Post-traumatic stress disorders may often result to substance abuse and may of their symptoms may be influenced by the usage of these substances causing their condition to seem more extreme. As well as depression and anxiety disorders can in addition contribute to the symptoms PTSD raising the impact of each symptom to a higher level depending on the severity of each disorder. Many times individuals are misdiagnosed because of the commonality of symptoms between disorders. Studies have shown that 60% of adult men today have experience a traumatic even, whereas 51% of adult women have experience a traumatic event at least once in their life. It is common for many individuals that experience traumatic events sometime throughout their life to not be affected by these events. Of 50% of American that experience a traumatic event of any kind, only approximately 8% of them eventually experience Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms later in life. It is suggested that each event is different in their own way as well as has different impacts on each individual. There are factors that predict ones vulnerability of Post-traumatic stress disorder which would revolve around the nature of the event the individual experienced. The DSM-IV states the severity of the traumatic event in one of the leading factors that help predict whether an individual may be susceptible to later suffer from Post-traumatic stress disorder. The severe traumatic events that are more likely to induce PTSD are the events that are prolonged traumas that often affect ones family or self directly. Secondly the more likely trauma suffer that was experiencing pre-existing anxiety symptoms long before the severe traumatic event occurred is more likely to later develop Post- traumatic stress disorder symptoms. This is because the individual has already reached a point in their life that cause them to become worrisome making them unable to handle the pressures of a traumatic event of severe magnitude without having and episodes. These individuals are unstable to cope with whatever change this event has brought on causing them to develop additional anxiety disorders. Those individuals that have a history of mental illness are way more likely to experience PTSD symptoms. Third the individuals coping techniques play a large role in ones predictability of developing symptoms of PTSD. Traumatic events can take a toll on anyone and any magnitude of the event however ones predictability of developing PTSD is based on ones ability to cope with the tragic event. The individuals that lack the ability to move past the event often fall victim to this disorder. Those that dwell on the details of the event are at higher risk as well as those who refuse to discuss the events at all cost. Some events such as witness to death, accidents resulting in death and disastrous events could cause one to reframe communicating and expressing their feelings about the events. By reframing from acknowledging such event has occurred I could cause a mental break. Finally support is an important factor when it comes to dealing with traumatic events much like any other disorder. Those that have a lack of support from friends, family, counseling or event therapy tend to be more susceptible to the developing the symptoms of PTSD. The lack of a support network is does not allow the individual to express their problems to someone that can understand or relate. And sufferer of a post-traumatic event needs to be able to reflect and vent some other emotions to someone close. They have to be a be to feel the support and encouragement of loved ones to keep them motivated to work through whatever they are experiencing. There have been a set of therapies to design to address this disorder to properly treat the symptoms. The three primary goals in theory are reducing the individual’s fear of provoking stimuli. This means that therapy will assist the individual in reducing the fear or unwillingness to address and confront activities and thoughts that trigger the traumatic event. Secondly, assisting the patient in modifying counterproductive thoughts, and lastly reducing stress are method used in therapy to assist the patient progress pass this event. The method of be reducing the individual’s fear of provoking stimuli are done through systematic desensitization, which is when an individual unlearns their fear thus reversing the classical conditioning process and eliminating the cause of them requiring the fear initially. The first phase is relaxation training of each muscle in the body while allowing the patient to then trained to calm themselves. The second phase is list of fear provoking stimuli descending from least threating and uncomfortable to more threating fears. The third phase us the desensitization phase where the patient is slightly provoke to introduce those thoughts or stimuli while remaining calm. It is often done through imagined stimuli and then they may introduce actual stimuli to the patient. In addition to this method therapist may use cognitive techniques which challenge ones irrational beliefs and unhealthy thoughts. Reference Comer, R. J. (2005). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (4th ed. ). New York: Worth. Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology Faces of Abnormal Psychology Interactive application at the McGraw Hill Higher Education Web site: http://www. mhhe. com/socscience/psychology/faces/http://www. mhhe. com/socscience/psychology/faces/# Melinda Smith, M. A. , and Jeanne Segal, Ph. D. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT, AND SELF-HELP, (2011), Retrieved February 4, 2012, http://www. helpguide. org/mental/post_traumatic_stress_disorder_symptoms_treatment. htm Resources: Appendix A, Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology, and the Faces of Abnormal Psychology Interactive application at the McGraw Hill Higher Education Web How to cite Abnormal Psychology: Abuse, Addiction, Disorders, Essay examples

Fine Arts Essay Example For Students

Fine Arts Essay Although different pieces of art come from different eras and different artists, what makes a composition fine art is its ability to evoke emotions in the viewer. These emotions can range from misery to ecstasy and everything in between. Conversely, if there are no feelings experienced by the majority viewers, no matter if theyre positive or negative, than that piece does not fit into the genre of fine art. The great thing about genuinely fine art is the fact that the experience of emotion is absolutely subjective. It is true that a work of art has a certain message embodied in it and an intended emotional response; however, with fine art the experience is different from person to person. Great artistic compositions do trigger similar responses in the viewer; yet, each individual has their own unique interpretation of the meaning and orientation of feelings towards the piece. No matter how similar or different these results are, none of them are the same. Out of all the amazing creations at the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, four paintings stand out among them all. These are Paul Cezannes Bottom of the Ravine, Paul Gauguins Arearea II, Vincent van Goghs The Rocks, and Georges Seurats Young Woman Powdering Herself. What makes these painting prominent idols of attraction is the fact that they are so simple, yet they convey a deep meaning. And like all fine art each viewer has their own personal perception and reaction to these paintings, perhaps because of their uncomplicated surface appearance. What all of these compositions have in common is that they all depict natural occurrences. Whether or not the events and the contents are based on something or a scene that actually did exist is irrelevant. What matters is that these paintings are composed of images and settings which actually can exist or could have existed. This elicits a personal connection between the viewer and these fine arts since what they are viewing is something that is actually tangible rather than surreal and abstract. Paul Cezanne was a painter of the Post- Impressionism era which was a further extension of Impressionism with fewer boundaries; yet, both of these styles contained images that can exist in the real world. The major difference the distinguishes these two different styles of painting is that Impressionism strives to achieve a photographic type of quality (just an example of the degree of which these paintings resembled real life since cameras were not yet invented), whereas Post-Impressionism does indeed contain elements that do exist in life but with a less rigid attempt to depict how the images would appear in real life. Thus, Post-Impressionism is less limited by precision yet composes life-like scenes. This gives these paintings an almost cartoon like appearance. This era is also distinguished from symbolism in that symbolism is more of a reflection of ideas. Paul Cezanne was the genius behind the composition Bottom of the Ravine. This painting fits perfectly into the scheme of Post-Impressionism as it displays a mountainside, a life-like image, but in a loose cartoon-like fashion. This is done by using fewer colors and shades than would actually appear on a real mountain and also having each color distinguished from its surroundings rather than blending together as it would naturally occur. The main subject in this piece is the mountain that is prominent because of its large size and the fact that it is the dominant figure with all the other objects, which are trees, existing on it and the background, the sky, being the only thing contrasting with it. The sky is far too plain to be the subject of the painting and each trees is too undistinguished to be the subject; yet the fact that it contrasts with the mountain causes it to play a vital role in this work in that it brings out the green shrubbery and the mountain as a whole. The colors are shades mainly of blues, yellows, and greens. They were applied with blotted strokes and dabs, but they come together in such a way that the scene as a whole gives an invigorating, refreshing, and happy feel all while having a three-dimensional appearance. This is done by the natural setting of the mountain being uninterrupted by people and all the colors together giving a refreshing natural feel; the pure blue sky especially ccontributes to this overall feel. This painting was actually based on something that did exist. Paper Persuasive EssayThe emotions evoked by this painting are negative even though most of the colors are bright. This is because the subject has a lot of dark in it especially at its core. Also the tree is being swayed by the wind when nothing else is. This tree represents strength and sturdiness and the fact that it is being swayed by the wind indicated that it is not serving its function. The weaker, less significant foliage is remaining stagnant and since this is so, it makes the meaning clear absolute strength and power can easily become corrupt. The last artist who had painted one of the most fabulous works of art in all of the Museum of Fine Arts Houston, is Georges Seurat. The title of his painting is Young Woman Powdering Herself. This painting also belongs to the Post-Impressionism era and it fits its characteristics perfectly. First off, it is composed of something that could have really happened. Secondly, the colors are lacking the necessary shades that would allow this painting to actually look real. The subject of the painting is an attractive woman holding a powder puff. She has very large and round breasts which contribute to her attractiveness. She seems very upset as she is applying her makeup. The colors in this work are very light and are pastel colors. There are different shades that do blend together but it is the fact that they are so faded and pastel-like that causes this painting to seek unreal in its appearance. The painting is composed of tiny little dots that come together to make the painting as a whole and allow the painting to look solid from a distance; this is the same effect a television set has. The fact that the woman is so upset while she is putting on her makeup, gives the sense that she does not want to be objectified any longer. Obviously she is getting ready to go somewhere and with somebody and she feels obliged to have to do this. This causes the viewer to feel a strong sense of compassion and sympathy for the subject. The light colors also play a part in this feel in that they are faded just as this womans dignity is. These paintings have their similarities and differences. They are similar in that they all come from the same era and for this reason and because they have the same basic characteristics of this time period. The Bottom of the Ravine is similar to The Rocks in that they both have a mountainous setting; however, both of these works are different from the other two works because they lack people as subjects. Furthermore, besides the similarity that they both contain people, Arearea II is drastically different than Young Woman Powdering Herself since the former has a handful of people in it, dark colors, and a happy theme whereas the latter has only one person in it, light colors, and a sad theme. Whatever a critiques taste in art is, they can surely appreciate any work that makes them feel something. These four paintings are rich with emotional undertones causing the viewer to have a certain attachment to these works. Because of their quality of evoking emotion in the individual experiencing the painting, these four compositions are clearly samples of fine art.

Special Person in My Life Essay Example

Special Person in My Life Essay All of the people that are close to me are important. Indeed, when thinking of people I could possibly talk about, I thought about all of them and they were all interesting in their own ways but, I decided to talk about a wonderful teacher that taught me in the English Language Training Institute in Charlotte, North Carolina. Her name is Kelly Kouchi. Her major was English and one of her ambitions was to get a PhD at UNC Charlotte. Kelly has two children and she wanted to raise them perfectly.   In fact I thought that she was an excellent mother.   Her children were very lucky to have a mother who cared about them the way that Kelly did. Kelly liked to listen to music especially at night. Her favorite singer is Morrissey. I can still see her sitting at her desk with a pencil behind her ear and her light brown hair falling into her face listening to Morrissey’s CD and I can still hear the sound of the man who sounded like eighties techno group.   She also likes to watch snow skiing.   She would get all excited like a child just before opening a present when the person she liked was performing. Her favorite novel is anything by Jane Austen.   She would say â€Å"Know one writes a better love story than Jane Austin.   People say she writes for women, but men could learn a lot from her.† In addition, her favorite movie is lately, Spiderman because it is  an incredible blend of contemporary art and special effects, sci-fi, fantasy and human interests.   I know that it is quite a leap from Jane Austin to Spiderman, but that is like Kelly.   She is so many things and she can be one way one minute and another in just a few seconds.   That is one of the characteristics that I like most about her.   She is unpredictable, but not in a bad way.   She is always fresh and exciting. We will write a custom essay sample on Special Person in My Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Special Person in My Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Special Person in My Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Well, English is my second language, so it is hard for me to write and read in English. In fact, Kelly is the person who taught me to love the English so much. Since her major is English, she always took care of me and gave me some tips about how to write clearly. Obviously, I have learned a lot while I was studying in the institute. She had a way of making learning fun.   She helped me to see English like a mystery.   â€Å"You do know that English is one of the hardest languages to learn?† she would say.   â€Å"If you can tackle it and learn it, then you are very smart.†Ã‚   That was a challenge for me to learn.   I wanted so much to impress her that I made sure that I was going to tackle and learn it just like she said.   I would work through those mysterious rules and learn that each one of them had an exception to it.   One mystery solved would lead to another, and through the help of Kelly, I learned that it could be fun. Unfortunately, after I finished the highest level in the institute, I did not get the required score in my TOEFL exam to be admitted at UNCC. This is the Test of English as a Foreign Language that I needed to pass to go there. I had dreamed of getting in because I loved Charlotte, North Carolina.   The weather there is so pretty most of the year, and the people were nice and courteous to me.   Kelly said that it was because North Carolina is a southern state, and that people are just friendly in the south. Definitely, I was disappointment because I didnt know what to do. She tried to relax me after I got my score. â€Å"It is okay,† she said.   â€Å"You will get much better as time goes on.   There are more places to go to school out there than UNCC.†Ã‚   I knew that, but still I loved it there so much that I did not want to leave. I know that you must be disappointed with your TOEFL score, but remember, that is only  a test.   It is not an exact measure of what you can do with English.   What you do in your classes on a daily basis is by far more important Yes, you are right. But where should I go now? Dont worry. Well find the university that will accept you After a while, we found the university which accepted me in Cookeville, Tennessee. It is called Tennessee Tech University. I was really happy and so excited to go there. Then, I bought for her a perfume that smelled so nice that I wanted someone as kind as her to have it. Thank you very much for the perfume.   It smells lovely!  That was very sweet of you. Please let me know what is going on, I will help you as much as I can, she said and I knew that she meant what she said I went to Tennessee and everything was going well. I met lots of people and I made some friends.   Tennessee is another southern state like North Carolina.   It is not as pretty.   I like that fact that part of North Carolina was on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.   I like to visit and hear the waves crashing.   Hearing them relaxes me.   She called me in the weekend to ask me how it is going with me. I love to hear from her because when I hear her voice on the phone, it is like going back to Charlotte, North Carolina.   Once in a while, I come back to Charlotte to visit Kelly and my friends who were with me in the institute.   I just love them so much.   It is nice when you make friends that you know will always be there for you.   They just love to hear about my life at Tennessee Tech and I love to hear about what their lives are like.   Kelly is always excited to tell me about her children and what they have been doing. They are involved in many things and t hey are good at the things that they do.   Kelly is still trying to be a really good mother to them.   Hopefully, we will be in touch forever.   I think that it is so sad when friends move away from each other and they end up never seeing them or hearing from them again.   Friends are so important in life.   Without them, life wouldn’t be the same. That is a trait that I have.   I love people and appreciate them for the contributions that they make to my life.   My friend Kelly is a good example.   She took the time from her busy life to teach me and others like me English so that we can be successful here in America.   She knows that everyone who lives here will need to learn English so that they can go to school, go to the store, read the signs on the road, and any other place where you would have to talk to someone.   Kelly actually cared about my learning, and now that I am not her student anymore, she still cares about me and what happens to me.   That is what a true friend does.   They never quit caring about you. Kelly cared about all of her students.   She took the same care with them that she took with me.   Sometimes she would invite everyone in the class over to her house.   We would all bring food and after we ate and talked for a long time, we would watch movies and practice keeping up with the language.   It would make Kelly so happy when she would see us having a good time and feeling comfortable.   She would say, â€Å"I know that you miss your countries and that you are far away from home, but you will always have a home at my house.† Kelly helped me learn a different language, but she did much more than that.   She made me feel welcome in a new country.   She helped me with my education, and more important than anything, she became a true friend.   I will always be grateful to her and love her for what she has done for me and many others.   There are not many people out there who care.   It seems like that is something that you do not hear about anymore.   Most people just think of themselves and they only like you for what you can do for them.   As soon as you need them, they are gone because it would mean that they would have to be a giving person.   That is one reason I’m glad that I met Kelly.   She showed me that there are still people out there who are real friends.

Starbucks India Essay Example

Starbucks India Essay Example Starbucks India Essay Starbucks India Essay Cataracts Is one of the most admired International coffee brands. As Indian economy is growing, Cataracts has sensed business opportunities and has entered through a Joint venture with Data Global Beverages and worked to create best business in India. Business Strategy To Generate Best Business In India: Cataracts is selecting strategy in a systematic manner by opening stores only in prominent locations to attract more consumers and starting with the small business to create best business in India. Giving customers a high quality coffee experience along with comfortable and spacious facility where they could spend their time with rinds and family. According to a research report on coffee chain, Very few of Indian consumers order a beverage to take away with them. Most consumers spend about 45 minutes in a cafe ©, using it as a spot to meet friends and relatives. Target Customers: Cataracts has higher prices as compared to other Coffee shops. As said by a customer (a college students We normally go 3-4 times during a week in coffee shops. Thats why we prefer to go to CDC than Cataracts. But if we have to go once in a month, we might go to Cataracts. Cataracts attracts mostly high class and foreign customers. Very few college students or youngsters go to Cataracts. Promotion And Advertising Strategy To Generate Best Business In India: Cataracts has adopted a unique sampling strategy for the publicity of Its product by distributing free coffee In small cups in front of their outlet to generate best business. Normally coffee is distributed during peak hours, such as during lunch hours. According to a server in Cataracts, We distribute free coffee to make consumers aware of our taste. Normally it is distributed when we have some new coffee. But since we are new in India, we are distributing all the coffees. In summers, we distribute cold coffee and in winters, we distribute hot coffee. Cataracts believe In word of mouth publicity. They believe that a satisfied and happy customer could be the best source of publicity and this could help in generating best business in India. Product Mix: Cataracts offer wide variety of products to Its customers. Ready to eat Items offered by Cataracts can be classified into 2 categories: Drinks: They serve 100 per cent Arabian coffee. All the drinks are prepared in top quality. This is one of the main reasons to create best business in India_ It can be further classified Into 3 sub- disagrees: 1 . Espresso Beverages (Hot or Iced) 2. Production Blended Beverages 3. Non-Coffee Beverages Each category has about 8 to 10 different varieties. Each product is offered to customers In 3 different sizes- short, tall and grand having different prices. Customers also have the option of adding special syrup or shot in their drinks. All the products are served In high quality cleaned and designer cups and glasses. They also have different types of sugars, such as brown sugar, no sugar and regular sugar for different customers. Food: All the food items were of high quality. But they have very less variety in food items which goes up to 6-7 items. Food items include delicious world-class coffee beans. They also sell different varieties of chocolates. Customers could also purchase world-class coffee cups, designer glasses and tea flasks from Cataracts. This business is another source of revenue for Cataracts. Pricing Strategy To Generate Best Business In India: Cataracts do not employ any discount strategy to attract customers. They have positioned themselves in high price segment. All the items in Cataracts are 30-40 per cent costly, if compared from other coffee shops. They believe in providing top quality and service at high prices. Ambiance of Cataracts can be rated highest if compared it to other coffee shops. They change their ambiance with the change in season. This is the main contributor which generates best business in India. They have different ambiance in summer and in winter. Each store is designed specifically. For example, the store in Consonant Place, New Delhi has ropes and carpets on the wall with the pictures of Indian spices. This look makes it very soothing for the eye. Sofas and chairs were very comfortable with enough space to sit. Outlets are so spacious that we could easily walk and move. This was complemented by the soft music soothing to ears. When I visited the store, there were lot of customers in the store, but the place didnt seem crowded because of vast available store space. Stores are designed to give customers a unique experience in Cataracts. They aim to provide world-class facilities to its customers. Cataracts has also emerged as a meeting place for businessmen and entrepreneurs. Attitude often Staff: Staff was very helpful and polite. They were good in communications and in etiquette. There was one dedicated person to help customers find their place. Also there was one extra person at the counter to help customers choose their drink. Behavior of the manager towards employee was also good. Even once, I saw manager picking leftover plates. This reflects their courteousness and good culture. All these factors increase customer loyalty which generates best business opportunities in India. Cataracts also replaces the drink of a customer free of cost, when a customer after tasting his drink finds it not suitable for himself. This sends a positive message towards Cataracts. Prepaid Card Cataracts also offers customers the facility of prepaid card. In which customers can fill any amount and then they can use this card for paying their bills. This card saves customer every time from carrying cash or their debit/credit cards. Recommendations For Generating Best Business In India 1 . They have either one or two stores in a city. Customers have to travel a lot, if they want to have coffee from Cataracts. Instead of traveling, many customers choose to go to other nearby coffee shop. So Cataracts should focus on increasing the number of outlets. This will further help them to generate best business in India. 2. Cataracts should try to give personal attention to each customer to generate best business in India. Cataracts has mostly high class customers and giving them personal attention will increase brand loyalty. 3. To attract more youths, Cataracts should decrease their price. 4. Cataracts has always adopted social media marketing strategy, but in India people are less attached to internet as compared to US and I-J. Therefore Cataracts consumers. 5. Shattuck further needs to identify business opportunities to increase their market share in India.

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BUY TERM PAPERS Buying term papers online is a good deal. Besides getting a perfectly written term paper, you will also get much more. You will receive a 100% satisfaction guarantee. A complete research will be done for you saving your precious time and efforts. Professional writers will apply their American research specialists skills in order to deliver for you the best term paper. Your term paper will be completed and delivered on time. If you have any questions, you can talk to customer service representatives or write a message directly to the writer. When you buy term papers from us, we are also able to offer you extremely low and affordable price that you will not get anywhere else. We are custom academic writing service and all of our writings are plagiarism-free. We sometimes like to call ourselves true lifesavers. Thousands of students use our services around the globe. Being on the market for quite a while, we have developed a strong resource and writing service for our customers. We are constantly are being referred to others by our loyal customers. As a special offer, we also provide editing service. Our clients are thankful as they get what they have been looking for. BUY TERM PAPERS Term papers are written to various topics and may be asked to be written for many different arts and sciences classes at colleges and universities. If you are a student in psychology class, there is a list of various term papers that you may be asked to write. One of the psychology phenomenons is procrastination. When you need a psychology work, buy term papers from us. Procrastination as a personal state itself may scare, so if you are writing about it, it may revoke some frustration. You may feel overwhelmed and not willing to explore this state as many past memories may start to take over your thoughts.   Originally the word ‘procrastination’ comes from Latin word procrastinates and can be translated as ‘to put forward for tomorrow’. Procrastination is the state when low-priority actions or tasks are misplaced with high-priority actions. Procrastination is a state of prolonged inability to hold responsibility for own actions and decision making. The result of procrastination is unfinished business, time loss, inability to finish tasks, improper day planning, etc. As a result a person looses good attitude and trust from other people. Initially the person knows that he cannot trust himself to make right decisions and to live a fulfilled life. The procrastination is primary brought by the thought chaos and inability to make right decisions at the moment. Person may find himself wondering in unimportant thoughts or past memories without making any actions. The productivity falls down dramatically provoking additional stress. Procrastination itself can be felt in two directions. The first is tense-afraid type of feeling. The second is relaxed, laid-back type of feelings.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 80

Case Study Example To determine the effectiveness of the partnership, customers need to be involved in the process. The research should be conducted to find out how the customers receive this new partnership. The research should look into how the changes in service delivery have been received by the customers. For example with, the partnership the airline will only be making one stop instead of two across Europe. This should also be looked at in terms of operational cost effectiveness. If the partnership is effective in terms of operational costs incurred by Qantas, then it should be sustained to help in bringing back Qantas to international profitability. The research should also include the dynamics involved in the aircraft operations industry. With a good service delivery as a result of this partnership, the Qantas Company can get back to international profit making. The most important thing is that if the customers accept the new services, they will purchase and recommend them to their friends (Gun n,

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Philosophy - Essay Example Sources of Knowledge Rationalism as a source of knowledge includes non-experimental sources such as logic, beliefs and mathematics. A person cannot experience any of these sources of knowledge, but can derive a sense of reality and purpose from them. Empiricism source of knowledge in the world today include acquiring information through experience such as seeing, feeling and hearing (Lemos, 2007). Non-experimental knowledge about the modern world comes from reasoning and beliefs. The knowledge in mathematics of adding two numbers such as 1+1 equals 2 is true because of the rational insight of the world around us. Non-experimental knowledge such as mathematics enables people to add money, fruits, clothes and numbers among others. Logic is using reasoning and mental capacity to find the truth about information. An example where logic applies in the modern world is trying to explain to people that men and women are mortal beings. This statement is true because everyone will die. However , the person saying or hearing this statement has not experienced the death to know that men and women are mortal beings. The last non-experimental knowledge of the world today is religious and cultural beliefs. This is the knowledge about God, the devil and ancestors spirits. People have not experienced the presence of God, the devil, heaven and hell because these are beliefs that are considered true from the Holy texts in religious books. Knowledge from experience includes experimental, introspection, memory and testimony (Lemos, 2007). Experimental knowledge thrives on perception such as seeing, feeling, tasting and touching and smelling. Scientific research and other common experiences of acquiring and assessing knowledge in the modern world involve the use of the five common... This paper approves that the major religions in the modern world include Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism and Buddhism, among others. Religion teaches that there is a powerful Supreme Being who is omnipresent and located in the heavens. The Supreme Being created man in his own likeness, the world and values to be followed and obeyed. In the contemporary society, religion is still popular because people are shopping for values, beliefs and guarantees that meet their individual needs. The most commons reasons why religious beliefs are still popular in the 21st century include marriage, diseases, life challenges and uncertainties among others. Memory is an important source of knowledge in the modern world because the mind records events and experiences that are used in future. People remember their childhood memories with their friends and project these memories to their children’s future happiness. Patients remember previous appointments to the doctor and the description of their ailments. This essay makes a conclusion that assessing knowledge in the modern society is through rationalism and empiricism, which deal with experiences and faith, respectively. Religious and scientific theories differ in their definition of reality, but they have similarities in dealing with invisible things, end of the world and seeking wisdom through extensive studies. Religion in the modern society is still popular because of the promise of heaven, virtues, cohesion, globalization and perseverance.

How to establish the communication Essay Example for Free

How to establish the communication Essay Everyone has different needs and styles in which they communicate. There are also many different ways in which we may establish these communication needs, wishes and preferences. A good way to begin to understand a patient’s needs, wishes and preferences is to read their notes and history’s to see if this contains any relevant information. For example, if I read that a patient has hearing problems, I would then know to make sure that I speak to the patient clearly and slowly and look at them so they can read my lips. Other ways to establish communication needs, wishes and preferences is by interacting with the patient and through conversation I learn how to best communicate with the patient. It is also important to remember to be clear and concise in all forms of communication, especially when working with people with learning disabilities, where they might get confused if I speak too quickly or use too complex language. It may benefit, if this is the case, to use your body language to help explain what you are trying to say and to emphasise the tone of the conversation. Also, pictures can be used to help the patient and myself understand. For example, one of my patients uses cards that display what emotions they are feeling, they will use these to communicate how they are feeling. In the past, I have worked with a patient who is deaf. For me to establish what her needs were, I first spoke to the nurse in charge and they informed me she was deaf, however, could sign or write things down. As I could not sign, our preferred form of communication was writing, which after spending time together worked quite well.

Almost the Wrestling State Champion :: Memoir Essays

Almost the Wrestling State Champion      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There he was, standing one step above me on the platform. He was wearing his maroon colored warm-ups and holding the bracket that the champion always wins. Over the school's announcement system I could hear the announcer saying, "In second place from Hotchkiss, Derek Blitz, and your champion at 103 pounds, from SoRoCo, Josh Deaver." I just stood there hanging my head wondering why he was getting the first place medal and I wasn't. After all, I had worked hard in practice, but in the end I couldn't pull off the win. Now I could only mope around knowing that I had almost won and continue replaying the match over and over again in my head.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Monday of the week before the tournament, I lost my varsity position in a close challange match. Once that happened, I started to go through the practices without any intensity. All week I was acting like I was practicing as hard as I could, but I was really only putting in enough effort to make sure we didn't have a harder conditioning than normal. Since I had lost my varsity position, I had it stuck in my head that there was no reason to practice very hard. After all, I was going to be wrestling on JV.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Friday, the coaches told us to be at the high school by 6:15 the next morning, so that we could make it to Paonia for weigh-ins at 7:00. The next morning I arrived at the high school by 6:00, and then I went into the locker room to make sure that I hadn't forgotten anything. By the time we arrived at Paonia, it was almost time for weigh-ins. A referee walked out into the gym and called all 103 pounders to the wrestling room. I walked up to the scale where two other refs were waiting to make sure no one had long nails or ring worm. Next, I proceeded to step on the scale to see if I would make weight. The ref, who was at the scale, then said, "102 pounds, step off." A huge feeling of relief swept over me, and I soon realized that I was going to give 110% to wrestling that day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At about 9:00, the tournament began and I was on the first open mat against the 103 pounder from Middle Park. I looked over my opponent and said to myself, "I am going to win this match.

Modernism Essay

How does the author of this extract understand modernism? Support your response with a direct quote from the text. Modernism can be described as a movement that has been took place in late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This essay will discuss how the author understand modernism by, explaining how modernism eventuated to the integration of mankind and the way that it can jeopardize past traditions and create new ideas. Firstly, it can be mentioned that one of the outcomes of modernism is the destruction of limits and borders. It results to accretion of society and devastation of classes and believes and unite all members of that society. Berman believes that modernism is a paradoxical integration, as he states: â€Å"modernism pours us all into a maelstrom of perpetual disintegration and renewal, of struggle and contradiction, of ambiguity and anguish. †(Berman, 1982). This quote suggests that modernity is the termination of some diversities which may result to severity. Secondly, it can be noted that the experiences of modernity have been considered as a fulmination to believes and history of the society. However, there is a group of ethics and ideas that have been created during this movement. Berman states that: â€Å"although most of these people have probably experienced modernity as a radical threat to all their history and traditions, it has, in the course of five centuries, developed a rich history and a plenitude of traditions of its own. †(Berman, 1982). These new ideas can assist society to control the new way of their life and make it their own. In conclusion, this essay explained modernism with referring to some ideas and quotes of the author. Firstly, it explained the way that modernism unit all members of a society and secondly how modernism can develop new traditions as well as threating the old ones. Furthermore, todays society is experiencing post- modernism, which is a great result of what happened in twentieth century and how people harmonized themselves with modern life.

Bumper Stickers

Every person has his story, and every bumper sticker also comes from a specific background of sorts. It may be pure humor, political satire, political stand, a line from a favorite movie, a striking line from a song, or names of one’s children. Whatever the sticker has, it says a lot about the owner of the car in which it is stuck. For example, a car has this to say: There is no flag large enough to hide the shame of killing innocent people. -Howard Zinn. This shows that the owner of the car values peace.It also means that he is against the war that the United States is putting up with other countries. Another car agrees with this bumper sticker, saying Peace is Patriotic. Other bumper stickers are meant for humor. There is I’m busy, you’re ugly, have a nice day; and Drugs lead nowhere, but it’s a scenic route. Another is Work harder, millions on welfare depend on you, and Speak your mind even if your voice shakes. These examples are just some among the mi llions, even billions, of quotations that Americans love to turn into bumper decals.Though some will get a bumper sticker for the sheer aesthetics of it, some would opt for something which speaks their thoughts. This proves that bumper stickers are a way for Americans to converse. It is used to tell others the position of the car owner about something, without being popish about it. It is also a way to speak up satirically, lightening serious issues with a play on words. However, there is the saying that all jokes are always half meant. This can be said to be true in the case of bumper stickers.While the car owners are injecting humor into the messages, they are undoubtedly meant to say something. Sometimes, it is an avenue to speak about something without really saying anything at all. Americans are letting their car bumpers do the talking so to speak. Some people post bumper stickers that say something about themselves. Thus, there are stickers bearing the words Lawyer, Vegan, Ame rican, Dog lover, and so on. There are also bumper stickers which make fun of what others are. A very funny example would be a Vegan bumper sticker with a fried chicken graphic.A sticker with the words Well-behaved women rarely make history is another funny example. All of these talk about personalities, and the funnier the message then the more interesting the bumper sticker is for many Americans. Bumper stickers are also good tools for recognizing the feelings of others and identifying it with one’s own. A sticker saying: Caution: Backseat Driver may well be chosen by someone whose wife or relative loves to play the role—and when an American has these words in his car bumper, it is easy for others in the same situation to identify.Anyone who has been spotted on by a pigeon will laugh at a Take revenge, shit on a pigeon bumper sticker. Drivers whose cars are old-fashioned or even junky can identify with the bumper sticker This is not an abandoned vehicle. The same goe s with bumper stickers saying Yes, as a matter of fact I do own the whole damn road, which can be funny for other drivers to see. Other stickers can be discriminating too. There is Caution: Blonde thinking, which is a take against blondes. There is also the sarcastic Feminism is the radical notion that women are people.Other stickers teach lessons: Change how you see, not how you look; Support our troops, bring them home; while others advertise presidential candidates, political parties, organizations, companies, and even websites. Indeed, bumper stickers are already a part of the American life. Friends may even compare and share laughs on these simple decals. Yet on these simple conversations from such simple things, there is always a deeper thought. Bumper stickers say something about their owners, as much as the owners would like to say something through them.

Improving Vocabulary Skills Through Reading in English

Improving Vocabulary Skills Through Reading in English Extensive reading  in English with the help of a good English dictionary on a variety of real-life topics is one of the ways to learn English vocabulary. Since there is an enormous amount of reading material in English, a learner of English has to prioritize reading in subjects according to learners needs for using English to encompass first the most necessary, relevant and frequently used vocabulary. Day-to-day topics ought to come first in reading.​ Finding Reading Materials Reading materials can be arranged by level of difficulty of vocabulary - for learners at beginning, intermediate and advanced levels. Learners can master the most important English vocabulary by reading thematic texts (materials), first of all on everyday topics with important content, for example: Practical Tips and Advice to Make Everyday Life Easier and Better (practical solutions for everyday problems). Such self-help books on settling everyday matters are available at bookstores. In addition to thematic informative texts (materials), learners can read thematic dialogues (samples of real-life conversations between people), narrative realistic stories, fine literature, newspapers, magazines, Internet materials, books in various subjects, general thematic English dictionaries, etc. Good general thematic English dictionaries arrange vocabulary by subject matter (topics) and provide clear word usage explanations and also a few usage sentences for each word meaning, which is especially important. English synonym dictionaries provide usage explanations and usage examples for words with similar meaning. Thematic general English dictionaries combined with English synonym dictionaries are a valuable tool for mastering English vocabulary logically, comprehensively, and intensively for real-life needs of learners. Good public libraries have a wide selection of English reading materials. Expanding Vocabulary Through Reading It is better for learners to write down unknown vocabulary in whole sentences to remember word meanings easier. It would be a good speaking practice for learners telling the content of the texts that they have read. Learners can write keywords and phrases, or main ideas as a plan, or questions on the text that require long answers to make easier for learners to tell the content of the text. I believe it is a good idea to read each logical chunk or paragraph of a text and to narrate each paragraph separately, and then the whole text. As people say, practice makes perfect.

Biography of Fred Hoyle, British Astronomer

Biography of Fred Hoyle, British Astronomer The science of astronomy features many colorful characters throughout its history, and Sir Fred Hoyle FRS was among them. He is best known for coining the term Big Bang for the event that birthed the universe. Ironically, he was not a big supporter of the theory of the Big Bang and spent much of his career formulating the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis- the process by which elements heavier than hydrogen and helium are created inside stars. The Early Years Fred Hoyle was born on the 24th of June, 1915 to Ben and Mable Pickard Hoyle. Both his parents were musically inclined and worked various jobs during their lives. They lived in the small town of West Riding, in Yorkshire, England. Young Fred attended school at Bingley Grammar School and eventually moved on to Emmanual College at Cambridge, where he studied mathematics. He married Barbara Clark in 1939, and they had two children. With the onset of war in the 1940s, Hoyle worked on various projects that benefitted the war effort. In particular, he worked on radar technology. During his work for the British Admiralty, Hoyle continued to study cosmology and made trips to the United States to meet with astronomers. Creating the Theory of Elements in Stars During one of his astronomy tours, Hoyle became acquainted with the idea of supernova explosions, which are catastrophic events that end the lives of massive stars. It is in such events that some of the heavier elements (such as plutonium and others) are created. Yet, he was also intrigued by processes inside ordinary stars  (such as the Sun) and began looking at ways to explain how such elements as carbon could be created inside those. After the war, Hoyle returned to Cambridge as a lecturer at St. Johns College to continue his work. There, he formed a research group focused specifically on stellar nucleosynthesis topics, including the formation of elements inside all types of stars. Hoyle, along with colleagues William Alfred Fowler, Margaret Burbidge, and Geoffrey Burbidge, eventually worked out the basic processes to explain how stars synthesize heavier elements in their cores (and, in the case of supernovae, how catastrophic explosions played a role in the creation  of very heavy elements). He stayed at Cambridge until the early 1970s, becoming one of the worlds foremost astronomers due to his work on stellar nucleosynthesis. Fred Hoyle and the Big Bang Theory Although Fred Hoyle is often credited with the name Big Bang, he was an active opponent of the idea that the universe had a specific beginning. That theory was proposed by astronomer Georges Lemaitre. Instead, Hoyle preferred the steady state universe, where the density of the universe is constant and matter is constantly being created. The Big Bang, by comparison, suggests that the universe began in one event some 13.8 billion years ago. At that time, all matter was created and the expansion of the universe began. The Big Bang name he used came from an interview on the BBC, where he was explaining the difference between the explosive nature of the Big Bang versus the steady state theory he favored. The Steady State theory is no longer taken seriously, but it was vigorously debated for years. Later Years and Controversies After Fred Hoyle retired from Cambridge, he turned to science popularization and writing science fiction. He served on the planning board for one of the most famous telescopes in the world, the four-meter-wide Anglo-Australian telescope in Australia. Hoyle also became a staunch opponent of the idea that life began on Earth. Instead, he suggested it came from space. This theory, called panspermia, says that the seeds of life on our planet may have been delivered by comets. In later years, Hoyle and colleague Chandra Wickramasinghe advanced the idea that flu pandemics could have been brought to Earth in this way. These ideas werent very popular and Hoyle paid the price for advancing them. In 1983, Fowler and astronomer and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on the stellar nucleosynthesis theories. Hoyle was left out of the prize, even though he was an important pioneer in the subject. Theres been much speculation that Hoyles treatment of colleagues and his later interest in alien life forms may have given the Nobel Committee an excuse to omit his name from the prize. Fred Hoyle spent his last years writing books, giving speeches, and hiking on the moors near his final home in Englands Lake District. After a particularly nasty fall in 1997, his health declined and he died after a series of strokes on August 20, 2001. Awards and Publications Fred Hoyle was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1957. He won several medals and prizes over the years, including the Mayhew Prize, the Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Royal Medal, and the Klumpke-Roberts Award. Asteroid 8077 Hoyle is named in his honor, and he was made a knight in 1972. Hoyle wrote many science books for public consumption, in addition to his scholarly publications. His best-known science fiction book was The Black Cloud (written in 1957). He went on to author another 18 titles, some with his son Geoffrey Hoyle. Fred Hoyle Fast Facts Full Name: Sir Fred Hoyle (FRS)Occupation: AstronomerBorn: June 24, 1915Parents: Ben Hoyle and Mabel PickardDied: August 20, 2001Education: Emmanuel College, CambridgeKey Discoveries: theories of stellar nucleosynthesis, the triple-alpha process (inside stars), came up with the term Big BangKey Publication: Synthesis of Elements in Stars, Burbidge, E.M., Burbidge, G.M. Fowler, W.A., Hoyle, F. (1957), Reviews of Modern PhysicsSpouses Name: Barbara ClarkChildren: Geoffrey Hoyle, Elizabeth ButlerResearch Area: astronomy and astrophysics Sources Mitton, S. Fred Hoyle: A Life in Science, 2011, Cambridge University Press. â€Å"FRED HOYLE.† Karl Schwarzschild - Important Scientists - The Physics of the Universe, www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_hoyle.html. â€Å"Fred Hoyle (1915 - 2001).† Careers in Astronomy | American Astronomical Society, aas.org/obituaries/fred-hoyle-1915-2001. â€Å"Professor Sir Fred Hoyle.† The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 22 Aug. 2001, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1338125/Professor-Sir-Fred-Hoyle.html.

Car Costs and New Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Car Costs and New Technologies - Essay Example Therefore, it does not look at the welfare of the people and the nation as a whole. On the other hand is the socialist economy. Most of the economists believe that government intervention and holdings are less efficient as they do not answer to the price changes or the change in the demand of the consumers. This is because the government relies on the tax collection for its revenues and less worried about the demand situation (US Department of State, 2010). Â  But still, most of the countries adopt some form of the mixed economy in allocating resources because they believe that both the private and the public sector play an important role. A mixed economy is a blend of free market and socialism. It is an economy that has a lot of freedoms but at the same regulations from the government keep a constant check. Â  The economists of these nations believe that some of the industries are better under the control of the government while others are better off under the supervision of the private entrepreneurs. For example, The development of the infrastructure; road, rail, air, and port, administration of justice, defense of the nation and education is under the control of the government. At the same time, there are certain institutions where the government intervenes in the market to settle out the price levels such as utilities, agriculture, and water. In this way, it regulates these likely monopolies (US Department of State, 2010). For example, Water and Power Development Authority keep a check on the charge of electricity in Pakistan keeping the best interests of the economy at heart. At the same time, the government regulates the private sector by creating standards and policies to guard the consumer interests and increase the welfare of the people.

Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Energy - Essay Example The major difference between renewable energy and nonrenewable energy is the ability of renewable energy to renew. For example, wind energy is a renewable energy source which will be available in this world as long as this world remains in its present state. On the other hand same thing cannot be said about nonrenewable energy. For example, oil or natural gas energy sources are exhausting day by day and it is not replaced by any of the natural means. Because of the nonrenewable nature of nonrenewable energy, this energy source is going to lose its significance in near future or 50 years from now. Renewable energy sources will gain prominence in near future itself. Moreover, nonrenewable energy sources are causing severe environmental problems like air pollution, water pollution, global warming, climate changes etc and therefore it is difficult to rely on nonrenewable energy sources further. For example, â€Å"Air pollution, thermal pollution, land devastation, groundwater pollution, acidification of streams and rivers, erosion, subsidence of land caused by underground mines, hazards to miners, and, of course, global warming are all recognized as part and parcel of coal’s utilization† (Smith, 2009, p.162). On the other hand renewable energies such as wind energy, tidal energy, solar energy etc are causing little or no damage to the environment. In my opinion, solar energy seems to be the future energy source. The major advantage of solar energy is the less environmental problems it can generate and its abundant nature. Solar energy reaches every part of the earth 12 hours per day. If we can develop technologies feasible for the exploitation of solar energy, we need not be worried too much about the energy crisis in future. The major problem associated with the exploitation of solar energy is the lack of feasible technologies to convert solar energy into other forms of energy. Since solar energy is available only in day time, it is necessary to

Ethnic group (Chinese) in the uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnic group (Chinese) in the uk - Essay Example In fact the King of England was so amazed by this man that he commissioned a portrait of him and hung it in his own bed.1 Later, because of British colonial possession in east Asia, the British had more contact with China. Because of these contacts trade increased and with it an exchange of populations. There were only a few Chinese living in Britain up until the Second World War; following that there was a large influx of people from around Hong Kong, many of whom were agricultural workers looking to make a better life for themselves and their families. They earnestly believed that a better life lay in Britain. Nowadays, as China becomes richer and more powerful, Chinese parents want to send their children to schools in Britain. Britain is very famous around the world for the quality of its education, both high schools and some of its world-class universities. Consequently, there has been an increase in enrolment among Chinese students. Whether these individuals remain in Britain fo llowing their graduation and become a part of British society remains to be seen, but there is a good chance that if they get married in Britain they may well stay there and be part of a new wave of emigration from China to Britain. The Chinese in Britain have usually been there for a long time. They can be distinguished from the larger population of British Indians who live in particular communities in large families and maintain many of their own traditions. It could be said that the Chinese are better at integrating. They live all over the place and not necessarily in their own special communities. They are also very high achieving in education, especially in the second and third generations who are very ambitious to make a difference. Chinese have the highest rate of intermarriage with other races of any minority population in the United Kingdom. When comparing their cultural output to that of the Indians, it is evidently

Analysis of Service Quality Level

Analysis of Service Quality Level Introduction The success of organisations relies heavily on the management of quality (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003 or 2006) Managing customer care and service quality are fundamental for the achievement of any organisation (Ko and Pastore, 2004). Service suppliers that deliver a high level of service quality and customer care are more likely to achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction (Saravanan and Rao, 2007). As a result satisfied customers will be more encouraged to re-use the services; this will usually impact on the financial success of the organisation (Howat, et al., 1999). General principles of quality The fundamentals of the word quality presented in the work of Deming in the late 1980s create a basis for further study into the area. As a result, a number of definitions of quality have been proposed by researchers. Mills, (1992, p.2) stated that quality was the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy or implied needs. Further research into quality has indicated that a more useful definition has been defined as meeting the agreed requirements of the customer (Kelly, 2004, p.33). Both definitions of quality are connected to both goods and services with emphasis on the features of the product or alternatively focus on the customers needs and expectations (Chang and Chelladurai, 2000). Goods are defined as tangible; these are physical products that offer benefits to consumers, in contrast services are defined as intangible, and represent non-physical products (Shank, 2009, p.16). Services have five main characteristics that are unique to service markets; these are intangibility; perishability; inseparability; heterogeneity and lack of ownership (Kotler, 2005). Heterogeneity indicates that each service experience is likely to be different as factors such as the time and location change, also the interaction phase with customers differs (Kotler, 2005). To reduce the impact of heterogeneity, management must focus on the operating systems, procedures and staff training in order to ensure consistency (Brassington and Pettitt, 2007, p.465). Furthermore, the quality of staff is becoming increasingly essential in the public service industry, with managers indicating their expectations of staff in terms of their attitudes and competencies when delivering the service to cust omers (Swarbrooke, 2002; Brassington and Pettitt, 2007) Managing the quality of goods and services primarily involves benchmarking, this is the measurement of an aspect of an organisations performance against an internal or external target (Beech and Chadwick, 2004, p.256). Two other key terms associated with quality include quality assurance and quality control, Mills, (1992, p.3) states quality assurance provides adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given requirements of quality. In contrast (Dale, 2000) suggests that quality control aims to achieve and monitor service quality, by identifying and addressing quality problems. Researchers have recognised that there are several issues with the conceptualization and measurement of quality in relation to sport services, for example (Tsitskari, et al., 2006) suggests that there is a degree of uncertainty and disagreement regarding parts of the criteria including the conceptual model of quality. Previous literature (such as Ko and Pastore, 2004; Tsitskari, et al., 2006) have focused on the concept of service quality and acknowledged that there are several definitions of service quality. However (Parasuraman, et al., 1988, p.2) defined service quality as an appropriate approach for assessing the quality of a firms service is to measure consumers perceptions of quality. In other words service quality is the comparison of consumer expectations with the actual service performance (Parasuraman, et al., 1988). The concept of service quality is based upon the customers perception of the characteristics and delivery of services (Ko and Pastore, 2004). Further research by Zeithaml and Bitner, (2006) suggests that the concept of service quality is a significant issue, as service quality perceptions are related to customer satisfaction and customer retention. Other researchers such as (Kim and Kim, 1995) have had varied perceptions on the measurement of service quality. However the main use of measuring service quality has been through the instrument, SERVQUAL, a 22 item scale founded by Parasuraman, et al., (1988). Recent research by (Tsitskari, et al., 2006) indicates that the majority of researchers accept that the 22 items in SERVQUAL are sufficient indictors for the overall measurement of service quality. However a study by Murray and Howat (2002) demonstrates that there is a lack of agreement on the exact nature of service quality dimensions. For example, (Parasuraman, et al., 1988) formed five dimensions of service quality: responsiveness, assurance, tangibles, empathy and reliability, through using the SERVQUAL scale, mainly focusing on the human aspects of service delivery. However (Chang and Chelladurai, 2000) suggest the variability in dimensional structure can be modified and tailored for specific industries. For example, Howat, et al., (1999), used only three dimensions for 17 service quality attributes in their study of 30 Australian sports and leisure centres. The three dimensions used in the study were (a) core service, which included a range of activities with programme information, (b) personnel service, which included the quality, knowledge and responsiveness of staff, (c) peripheral service including secondary services including services for food and drink. The observations suggest that a comprehensive conceptual model needs to be developed for a better understanding of the nature and meaning of service qual ity (Ko and Pastore, 2004). Robinson, (2004) identified three frameworks for managing quality, these are: total quality management (TQM), the EFQM Excellence Model and Quest, as all these frameworks emphasise performance management and continuous improvement. Firstly TQM is a framework for quality management and is a process from top to bottom, bottom to top, which involves every person in an organisation, in order to ensure customer satisfaction at every stage (Torkildsen, 2005, p.382). The three main principles of TQM are customer focus, continuous improvement and teamwork (De Knop, et al., 2004). The EFQM Excellence Model is the most widely used organisational framework in Europe while becoming increasingly popular in the sport industry as it created the basis for QUEST (Robinson, 2004). The key principles of the model include results orientation; customer focus; leadership and constancy of purpose; management by processes and facts; people development and involvement; continuous learning; innovation and improvement; partnership development; and corporate social responsibility (Beech and Chadwick, 2004, p.257). Quest is a sport and leisure specific quality framework, and is a tool for continuous improvement; Quest also defines industry standards and good practice and encourages high quality delivery to customers. (Quest, 2009) Two models are associated with Quest, one model focuses on the management of leisure facilities and the other focuses on sport development, (Quest, 2009). Quest is funded by a wide range of organisations with the majority of the support coming from the four home country Sports Councils (Torkildsen, 2005). The Quest scheme for facility management identifies four essential sections; these include facilities operation, customer relations, staffing and service development and improvement, all of which are examples of best practice in the leisure industry (Wood, 1997). Organisations have recognised the importance of the quality programme of ISO 9002. This quality programme ensures that the operations of the service are displayed through a consistent approach, recognising that customers can expect the service to be similar from day to day and between service deliverers (Robinson, 2004). Literature has demonstrated that there are many challenges and issues for managing quality in the public sector industry. For instance, Doherty, et al, (2002) suggests that that external issues for concern include, increasing complaints about the declining level of quality in areas such as transport, education and health. In contrast, (Doherty, et al, 2002) also recognises internal challenges for organisations, with the current growth of internal assessments, and issues around quality and value for money. Beech and Chadwick, (2004) identify specific challenges for managers managing quality in the public sector; these primarily include recognising and acknowledging their main customer groups and then managing these customers experiences by improving the service delivery through performance measures. However, managers who dont prioritise their customer groups will run the risk of delivering services that do not meet any expectations of quality (Robinson, 2004, p.141). Additionally it is important for managers in the sport industry to understand and identify participation motives and customers problems because this determines not only the level of service quality, but also the level of customer satisfaction (Ko and Pastore, 2004, p.162). An earlier study by Schvaneveldt, et al., (1991) indicated that three key factors affected the delivery of service quality in sport organisations. The three factors were associated to the core service, the physical context and most importantly the interpersonal interactions in the performance of the service. These observations have major implications on customer care as the quality of the encounter is an essential element in the overall impression of the quality of service experienced by the customer (Dale, 2000). In addition, Swarbrooke, (2002) suggested that observing quality in public services primarily focused on issues such as the cost of the service and perception on value for money from the service. There are a number of issues and challenges associated to managing quality in the public sport sector. For example MacVicar and Ogden, (2001) suggests that managers in the public sport sector are more inclined to use peripheral workers due to the competitive environment and budget pressures. Peripheral workers are primarily on non-standard contracts and carry out services and duties that are delivered to customers. The challenge managers face is that they have to develop strategies to motivate an insecure, low commitment workforce to ensure good customer care is provided. (MacVicar and Ogden, 2001, p.129) Another issue in managing quality in the public sport sector industry is that expectations are either so unrealistic that it is not possible to deliver services of such a high standard, or it is financially very costly to do so, given the levels of resource constraint (Robinson, 2004, p.178). Recent research by (Alexandris, 2008) demonstrated the importance of identifying performance indicators in order to test the success of the managers strategies, and goals and reflect on the quality delivered to customers. Research by (Lentell, 2000, p.2) has indicated that customer satisfaction in sport services can be affected by factors such as the robustness of the bookings system, the promptness of the service delivery, and the way customers are treated by staff, or by the cleanliness of the service outlet. However recent research by (Tsuji, et al., 2007) suggests that managers should continuously develop and adopt procedures to understand, evaluate, and improve on the quality of services provided to their consumers in-order to improve customer care. The current state of golf, is that it is a $60 billion industry, with 30,730 courses worldwide and over 57 million golfers.(Golf Research Group, 2009 ) The Royal Ancient (RA) is golfs governing body, it operates with 136 organisations from the amateur and professional game and on behalf of over thirty million golfers in 123 countries (R A, 2009). The R A identify that the implementation of best practice throughout a golf club can be demonstrated firstly through ensuring that the management structure is capable of setting policy objectives which maintain and improve the quality of the golfing facility (R A, 2009). In addition the RA, recognise the importance of monitoring and reviewing the policy objectives as well as focusing on the efficient and effectiveness of service delivery to customers (RA, 2009) The governing body of male amateur golf in England is the English Golf Union, looking after the interests of over 1,800 golf clubs and 740,000 club members (English Golf Union, 2009). The governing body specifically addresses the management of quality at golf clubs in England. Providing assistance and support, in specific areas such as club adminstration, golf course management, as well as assisting staff in the day-to-day operations of the golf club and course (English Golf Union, 2009). The majority of research on the management of quality in golf has come from the US golf industry. For example a US golf study on managing perceived quality has indicated that golf club managers that modify the price of green fees depending on the time of day, time of booking or condition of play may impact customer satisfaction (Kimes and Wirtz, 2003). A further American study investigated how golfers choose a golf course. The findings indicate that American golfers are most influenced by the cost of green fees, followed by the quality of course conditions, availability of tee times, and lastly the location of golf course (Richard and Fairclough, 1994). However recent research by (Won, et al., 2009) suggests that committed golfers care more about the core elements such as the quality of course conditions rather than the cost of green fees. The research suggests that golf club managers that are providing a quality service primarily need to improve the core elements such as course main tenance as well as operating the golf facility (Won, et al., 2009). Other research surrounding the management of quality in golf has come from Korea, and Australia. For example a Korean study based on service quality and customer satisfaction suggested that managers of private golf clubs that focus on providing and improving service quality to customers can impact the profitability of golf clubs (Kim and Lough, 2007). Furthermore a study from the Australian golf industry identified twenty one service attributes. These attributes measured the perceptions of the golf facilities performance against the golfers expectations of the facility. The study specifically researched into areas such as the appearance of the facilities, course quality, staff responsiveness, customer behaviour, etiquette and value for money (Crilley, et al, 2002, p.374) Further research into issues in managing quality in the context of golf, has reflected that an increasing number of American golf courses are being built annually, while the number of golfers in America remains stagnant (Petrick, et al., 2001). As a result it is important that golf club managers identify the factors which attract and retain golfers. The findings also recognise that by understanding golfers experiences, this will enhance the facility operations, leading to a higher quality of service delivery (Petrick, et al., 2001). According to a report by the golf research group, (2002) based on UK golf courses this found that since the beginning of 1990, 603 new golf facilities have been built. This increase was initiated by the report called The Demand for Golf created by the RA. However from 2000, the growth of new golf facilities has been limited and only 10 new golf facilities were opened from 2000 to 2002, due to financial constraints and the lack of demand in the golf industry. (Golf Research Report, year) The current recession has affected the golf industry, according to a report from the English Golf Union they have found that memberships are declining in many golf clubs in the UK. Also the majority of golf clubs in the UK are not implementing joining fees in-order to attract new golfers (Mintel, 2009). In the UK, in 2008 there were 1.225 million members of golf clubs, and there are 2,630 golf courses, 72% of these golf courses are located in England (Mintel, 2009). According to a study by Mort and Collins (2001) they highlighted that 11% of golf courses totalling 210 in England, are classified as municipal golf courses, and stated that the objective of municipal golf courses is to maintain low green fees and attract the local population. Mowsbury Golf Club in Bedfordshire is a municipal golf course and is run by the local authority. According to a report by the Golf Research Group, (year) on municipal golf courses in 2002, there has been a substantial decrease in the number of rounds played per year especially between the years of 1995-2001. For example in 1995 around 45,000 rounds were played, however by 2001 only 35,000 rounds were played on the municipal courses, reflecting a huge decrease of 10,000 rounds played. Over the 6 year period this was a 23% reduction in UK municipal rounds in the UK. (Golf Research Report, year) Literature has acknowledged that there are a limited number of UK studies that have focused on service quality and customer care at golf clubs. However one study focused on the management of quality at municipal golf courses and highlighted Best Value. Stevens and Green, (2002) indicate that Best Value primarily focuses on local authorities, ensuring that the quality and cost of services meet the needs of the local population, and that the efficiency and quality of services continually improve. The study indicated that the introduction of Best Value has contributed to an improvement in the operations of municipal golf courses, primarily through the process of benchmarking with the objective of improving service quality (Mort and Collins, 2001). The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of service quality and customer care as perceived by members and non-members at Mowsbury Golf Club, Bedfordshire. The rationale for the study recognises that previous research reflects that are a limited number of UK studies on the customer care and service quality at golf clubs. Also previous researchers such as (Tsitskari, et al., 2006) have reflected the importance of service quality to the mission of sport and emphasises that further research towards service quality should be a primary concern. References http://academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=394687/display/id=448545?select_section=448543

Larry Ellisons Contributions to Computer Technology Essay -- Technolo

Abstract Larry Ellison is among the top names in the computer industry. He has been fiercely competitive with Bill Gates over the years. That competitive nature may very well be the driving force behind some of his contributions to the world of computer technology. Childhood and Education It is important to understand the background and education of Larry Ellison in order to understand what drives and motivates him in his adult life. Ellison was not a child of privilege. He did not grow up with parents who were scientists or pushed him to excel. According Wikipedia, Larry Ellison was born to a 19 year old unwed Jewish mother who felt compelled to give him up to her aunt and uncle to raise him. He grew up in a two bedroom apartment in a Jewish community in South Shore Chicago. Academy of Achievement website states in the biography about Ellison, he left the University of Illinois during second year final exams when his adoptive mother died. Later that fall he enrolled in the University of Chicago but dropped out after the first semester. Academy of Achievement goes on to say, â€Å"His adoptive father was now convinced that Larry would never make anything of himself, but the seemingly aimless young man had already learned the rudiments of computer programming in Chic ago.† CEO of Software Development Labs According to Academy of Achievement, Ellison moved to California where he worked with a few different companies. One of those companies was Amdahl Corporation where Ellison was able to participate in building the first IBM-compatible mainframe system. Ellison and two other co-workers pursued founding a new company named Software Development Labs. Ellison functioned as CEO of this newly founded company. It was at this company h... ...n Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 15, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larry_Ellison&oldid=379100685. "Larry Ellison Biography -- Academy of Achievement." Academy of Achievement Main Menu. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2010. http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/ell0bio-1. "What are relational databases?†. (March 23, 2001). HowStuffWorks.com. Retrieved August 15, 2010. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question599.htm. "Larry Ellison 1944 - Biography - Early life, Software development laboratories, Relational databases, Building oracle, Maturity, The internet revolution, Downturn." Reference For Business - Encyclopedia of Small Business, Business Biographies, Business Plans, and Encyclopedia of American Industries. N.p., n.d. Retrieved August 16, 2010. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/A-E/Ellison-Larry-1944.html.

Customer Service at Richer Sounds Essay

Richer Sounds believe that the most important measure of the success would be to give all their customers a great service and satisfaction. This is even important than making the profit margins high and gaining a lot of profit this is because Any organisation can increase their profits by increasing prices of goods, buying cheaper and low quality goods, cutting down on employees and many more but doing this Richer Sounds believe that there wont be good customer service due to less employees, customers wont purchase any expensive products which is not of good quality and through this they will keep losing customers The company believes once a customer purchases a product and thinks it was at low price and also sees it is off good quality with an excellent customer service given to him the he/she will always tend to come back to purchase more goods, in-fact the customer may also tell some of its friends and families about the prices that Richer Sounds have and like this the company will benefit in getting new and new customers all the time. How Richer Sounds strive to achieve superb customer service They think the following are important: – Management commitment – this means every director and every manager states the customer service as most essential in the business. This also means spending money to give excellent services – Recruiting and training right people – Colleagues are looked at their personalities and attitude while there are been giving an interview. All colleagues that have been given the job have a 3 – day induction course which even concentrates in training the new colleagues how to give an excellent customer service – Motivated colleagues – if all colleagues are treated well and valued they will give good service to customers. For this reason the colleague support function is so critical. – Measuring the results – The best way to find the right results are to ask customer themselves therefore Richer Sounds does this through it sales questionnaires. Richer Sounds also have a mystery shopper who looks how well the colleagues manage their customers and how greatly they give customer service. The company also has telephone call system, which is been recorded, and through this they check how well store colleagues answer to customer problems. – A customer friendly environment – this include the ease of walking around the store, the layout of the store and how well are the products displayed and also how well each customer will be able to search for his/her product The company insist their colleagues to wear smart clear clothes with clear name badges and to greet all their customers. Responding to customer needs Training in customer service All new colleagues have to attend the three – day induction course before they are allowed to serve customers. While doing this course they are also taught on the aspects of customer service, which includes: – How to approach a customer within the stores – Richer Sounds has several policies on approaching a customer such as: Not to approach a customer as soon as they have entered the store for any help, Once a customer enters they should greet them by saying hello and most strict rule is to not approach anyone from behind because it may scare them and only approach from the side or from the front – The appearance of the colleagues – all colleagues working in the sores have to were the Richer Sounds uniform with a name badge on it – How to cope on busy days – All tills must be used to serve customers and try to serve quite faster. When the queues are very long colleagues should offer customers standing and not standing in the queues a cup of tea or coffee. Usually no customers like to wait in queues especially when the store I very crowded. – How to ask questions to customers – colleagues should ask questions relating on the type of product they are looking for and not to encourage customers to buy items they don’t wont because richer sounds believe this is the worse thing to do. – How to handle payments – the company uses all types of credit cards or any type of purchase whether the item is 99p or even if the item is i 99. 99. This is because there are times when people wont to pay later for the item they need because you get a time period to pay the amount and there are times when customers may have forgot their money at home but want to purchase the item so they can use the credit card. Due to this reason no one may leave the store without anything just because they forgot their money. – How to cope with technical questions – Health and safety – each colleague should know how to take actions in emergency to do this they may need this training – How to deal customers who have disabilities – All colleagues should have respect for customers who have disabilities and should help them in all ways for which product they are looking for. All colleagues should be truthful in what they sell and how much they take because if there is a blind person needing a tape player the colleagues shouldn’t charge more money to what it should be. How Richer Sounds Identify Customer needs and Expectation There are three main ways how richer sounds identify customer needs and expectation, which are: – The till receipt questionnaires – these are most important questionnaires because everyone who purchases a product will receive and if they taught they did get treated well at the store then he/she may fill the questionnaires. These questionnaires are also seen everytime the customers will see the receipt and so next time when they may come back to the store to purchase another item then they could also bring the filled questionnaires with them.

Analysing Salinity In The River Murray Environmental Sciences Essay

The Murray River is one of the biggest rivers in Australia and spans three provinces: Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia. The entire length is 2756 kilometers and has 4 major dikes and 16 storage weirs and 15 navigable locks. The Murray River is a topographic point for a big scope sum of species such as birds, wetland birds, fishes and floras. Today, there are more menaces to the river particularly to the quality of the H2O in Murray River. The low quality of H2O will act upon many industries and human being that rely on the river Murray. One index of H2O quality is the salt degree in the H2O. The salt degree is really high in most portion of the river, particularly in the Coorong, Lower lakes and Murray Mouth. The lessening in H2O flows to these countries caused addition in salt degree which reduces the H2O quality of the river. Still, the salt degree fluctuates at a really short clip because it is being influenced by the flows from up watercourse and the tidal moving ridge. The Living Murray Program ( LMP ) is a response plan to the environmental jobs in the Murray River. It aims to presenting back the H2O into the river to accomplish an environmentally healthier river system that benefits all Australian. The plan was established in 2002 and the first plan was implemented in 2004 to delivered back 5000GL of H2O to the Murray River to profit workss, animate beings and Australian along the river. It was besides aims to better the environmental public presentation of six topographic points that designated as icon sites due to their high ecological and cultural values. The plan provides H2O to retaining, retrieving and bettering the ecosystems, home grounds and species of vegetations and zoologies in these sites. Among all icon sites, The Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth have the highest salt degree. The LMP and other related plans under the LMP attempt to work out the jobs. This essay critiques the LMP and related plans on their effort to cut down the salt degree in Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth countries. This essay besides describes the benefits, strengths and failings of the LMP regrading salt issues. The River Murray and the Murray-Darling Basin The Murray-Darling Basin ( MDB ) covers the country of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia. The rivers provide services for the 2.7 million people ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2007 ) . The MDB has a saline status and due to human activities in the last two decennaries through irrigation and dike, the salt degree has been increasing significantly. This status is non a good status for agribusiness, H2O supplies and environment ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2000 ) . The increasing degree of salt in the Murray River is caused by some alterations on the H2O direction system. Naturally, the Murray River is flown by high degree of salt and the natural barrier which came from the form of the Murray River H2O flows prevent the belowground flows to make the sea a create salty deposit bed beneath the upper current which create high degree of salt within the river of course. However, alterations like higher rate of irrigation and, clearance of new land of agricultural industry had accelerated the degree of salt in the river and increasing it significantly ( Quiggin, 1988 ) . Table 1. Salt degrees in the River Murray Murray-Darling Basin Salting. Metric tons of salt mobilised to come up in each State for selected old ages. State 1998 2020 2050 2100 SA 434,000 640,000 870,000 1,020,000 VIC 740,000 825,000 1,150,000 1,370,000 Naval special warfare 3,707,000 5,000,000 6,140,000 7,690,000 QLD 186,000 255,000 256,000 256,000 Murray-Darling Basin Salting. Annual entire salt mobilization in metric tons for selected old ages.A1998 2020 2050 2100 Sum 5,100,000 6,800,000 8,500,000 10,400,000 ( beginning: MDBMC, 1987 ) Due to increasing degree of salt in the Murray River H2O, species which of course live with Murray River as their natural home ground will bit by bit extinct since their organ could non accommodate with high degree of salt ( Nielsen et al. 2003 ) . While some types of plantation and carnal manage to set their variety meats to the increasing degree of salt, the impact is still important and even makes their lives shortened. In add-on, substructure nearby the salty river can be easy damaged and the quality of land, particularly for agricultural intents will dramatically diminish which caused the doomed of productive land. If authorities continues their undertaking to pull off the salt degree in the Murray River by pumping the river H2O and turn up it in an country where it so vaporize and infiltrate into the land will profit by making a healthy Murray flood-plain flora and promote 135 species of birds to populate in the country ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2003 ) . The Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth The H2O quality in Coorong country determine the H2O quality of its environing countries, particularly in four territory parts of chief channel of the lower Murray, the lower Lake Alexandria and Lake Albert, the Northern Lagoon of the Coorong and the Southern Lagoon of the Coorong. The high value of Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth have been doing these countries became iconic sites. Naturally, the Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth have a high degree of salt because of the H2O flows to the country is already low both in quality and measure. These countries are located in the down watercourse at the very terminal of the Murray River system. There are 593 Gatess and 5 bombardments in the Coorong built in 1035 and 1940 to protect the Coorong from the Lower Lakes. The H2O flow from the upstream influence the H2O in the Coorong. The Murray Mouth, Coorong and Lower lakes is an country of 140.000 hectares. This country is of import because it is a native topographic point for several species of birds, fish and floras and one of the biggest wetland sites that provide an economic sciences value through its fish. Furthermore, Coorong that has 140 kilometer length is one of the icon sites for waterfowls. Environmental aims delivered in this country through EWMP were making a healthier Coorong and Lower Lakes countries ; pull offing the transition through Murray Mouth ; supplying best status for fish spawning and increasing wading birds home ground in Lower Lakes. The biggest aims in this country is to cut down the salt degree and manage H2O degree fluctuation in Murray Mouth, Coorong and Lower Lakes by constructing Gatess that installed on selected bombardments. The dredging plan in the Murray oral cavity besides one of the efforts to do the Murray Mouth environmentally healthier. Figure 1. Murray Mouth, Coorong and Lower Lakes ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2008 ) . The Living Murray Program The Living Murray Program ( TLMP ) is a Response plan to the environmental debasement in Murray River system. Established in mid 2002 by the Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council ( MDBMC ) , it aimed to pull off the H2O flow to run into the appropriate degree to keep the healthy status of the river. The plan was besides set to protect the agricultural concern, the communities, natural and cultural values along the Basin ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2004 ) . Furthermore, in 2003, The MDBMC decided to better environmental benefit in six countries include Murray Mouth, Coorong and Lower Lakes. The marks were: recovery of up to an estimated norm of 500GL/ twelvemonth of H2O ; bettering environmental benefits for all countries on the $ 150 million ; bettering the direction capacity ; constitution of autochthonal partnership and farther work to better the environmental benefit from the six designated countries. The countries were chosen because of their importance on national, regional and international ecological system ; the hazards they face and the economic sciences and cultural values they have ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2004 ) . The Environmental Works and Measure Program ( EWMP ) is a long term plan tallies from 2003 to 2011 as an built-in portion of the Living Murray Program. In October 2002, the EWMP had dredging plan in the Murray Mouth to keep and reconstruct the environmental wellness in Coorong and Lower Lakes. This plan was successful in keeping an gap in drouth in 2003 and 2004 ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2004 ) . There were several menaces to the wellness of Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth in footings of salt degree: terrible drouth cause low flows of H2O or no flow at all through the bombardments ; the average one-year flow is 27 % under natural status ; sudden passage between saline and fresh water at the bombardments and cut down interaction between sea and river, including that the Murray oral cavity is at hazard of closing on norm in one twelvemonth in three. The Actions of EWMP were: making of a new â€Å" River Murray estuary environmental allotment † of about 180GL in every twelvemonth ; Target flushing of oral cavity in accomplishing flows go throughing Barrages in summer and fall in dry old ages ; bettering greater control of the Barrages and triping many species to bread during wet old ages. Between 2003-2011, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation in South Australia was running a plan to remotely operates the Barrages Gatess. The aims was to heightening the environmental wellness of the Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth by increasing the flexibleness of control of bombardments releases at selected locations and cut downing the salt fluctuation and H2O degree fluctuation and bettering connectivity between the sea and the Coorong. This undertaking is an built-in portion of the LMP since the results were reported to the Murray Management Plan. The Restoration and sweetening dredging in the Murray oral cavity was besides aimed to increase the environmental wellness of the Coorong and Lower Lakes. The plan is running from 2004 and estimated to be finished in 2011. The results are installing of 10 remotely operated Gatess at the Tauwitchere Barrage ; remotely operated Gatess will be installed on selected bombardments supplying improved operational flexibleness compared to the current manually operated Gatess ; A concern instance based on current monitoring, morphological modeling and probes of a figure of environmental wellness indexs to find whether dredging beyond the current dredging plan will profit the Coorong and Lower Lakes environment and If the concern instance is positive, execution of an enhanced dredging plan to reconstruct, enhance and prolong the environmental wellness of the Coorong and Lower Lakes ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2004 ) . The LMP allocated 15GL of H2O to be released in 2005 and 2006. The primary aims were to supply the best status for some of the native fishes to engender and to increase the estuarial country. Therefore, due to many betterments on LMP program, in July 2005 H2O was released through the bombardments and this status allowed some of the native fish to finish their life rhythm. This status showed that the Coorong was ecologically healthier. The dredging undertaking besides showed a important addition in the flora in the Murray Mouth. Furthermore, in 2006, some native fishes were found and release near the bombardments which means that the H2O quality in that country was suited for them. The MDBC claimed that these two aims were achieved. However, the absence of the control site made some of these groundss weak. LMP prosperity will go a weak grounds of ecological status betterment without any control site. Furthermore, there is no effort to warrant some of these betterments by comparing with the other impact on the other similar sites. The Living Murray Program and Salinity Issues Reducing the salt degree is of import and needs committedness from all histrions: persons, communities and authorities. Many research reported that the salt degree continue to increase along the river. Several betterments in irrigation system and direction, H2O distribution system and salt interception system seem fail to get by the salt issues. The addition Numberss of irrigation system along the river significantly increase the salt degree in the river ( Schrobback et al. 2008 ) . Human activity within 40 kilometers is believed to be the ground to this addition every bit good. The salt in the River Murray largely came from the shallow dirt. Deforestation and flora remotion from the shallow dirt land caused the salt entered into the river ( Quiggin. 1988 ) . The monitoring plan showed the informations that there was no consistent increasing in salt degree in the South Lagoon. The salt in the South Lagoon is 2 to 3 times of the saltwater and it was still in that scope. This is means that the LMP is non affected in cut downing salt in the Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth. Figure 2. The Five Barrages in Murray Mouth, Coorong, and Lower Lakes ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2007 ) Five bombardments were built in the Coorong, Murray Mouth, and Lower Lakes. Those are Goolwa, Mundoo, Boundary Creek, Ewe Island and Tauwitchere. The chief intent of the bombardments were to insulate the fresh H2O in the Lower lakes and the Murray River. Furthermore, these bombardments were meant to take downing down the salt degree in the lower River Murray and Lakes ; bracing the river degree ; concentrating the flow to the sea to a peculiar country during low flows and to keeping the pool H2O to be pumped for Adelaide ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2008 ) . Since the dredging undertaking in 2003, the best tidal scope has been making the Murray Mouth estuaries. However, the bombardments did non run into the mark since they merely had a low freshening impact on the country near the bombardments. There is no important grounds on salt degree after the 640GL of H2O released in 2005 and 2006. The deficiency of attending on monitoring and mensurating the salt degree worsen the grounds that the LMP merely had a minor affect on the H2O quality. The other aim in presenting back the H2O of the LMP in this icon site was supplying more frequent estuarine fish spawning. The MDBC claimed that this nonsubjective partly meets the mark since the figure of estuarial addition during the releases but in the South Lagoon the status was still saline. Furthermore, the last aim was heightening the bird home ground. The mark was achieved in winter but exceeded in summer. However, the salt in the Lakes was still high except during the releases. These groundss show that the bombardments system in influence the salt degree, even though the consequence was minor, their public presentation in commanding the releases is of import. There were failings and strengths in the bombardments releases method like addition in apprehension of the reaction of the Coorong and surround country to the low flow of H2O ; the grounds that show the accomplishable benefit from let go ofing H2O less than 750 GL ; addition in understanding on the sum of H2O needed to blush anoxic deposit and the importance of let go ofing the H2O from Gatess in different bombardments. In order to let go of fresh and oxygenated H2O to come in Coorong ; sand dredging method and bombardment release, method commanding the H2O degree in the lower lakes and at the same clip maintaining the Murray Mouth unfastened, are used to pull strings the lake degree. The benefit of such method is comparatively broad, non merely for the wading bird bird home ground but besides human activities such as irrigation and domestic usage. The bombardment method can besides be used for cut downing the salt degree of the H2O in other countries like in Lake Alexandria and Lake Albert. Manipulating the H2O degree in Lake Albert can do the saline H2O to flux outside the lake and cut down the salt degree. The bombardment theoretical account is proven to be able to cut down the salt degree in the Goolwa, Mundo and Coorong channels. Prior to the H2O release from the bombardment in September 2003, preliminary research had been indicated that non or minimum connectivity between Goolwa and Tauwitchere to the Murray river had increased the degree of salination, stagnancy and besides had increased the temperature degree of the H2O every bit good as lowered the degree of dissolved O. This event was conducted by joint cooperation of river operators, research workers from SARDI and besides the natural resource directors. The event occurred in 2003 has impacted positively to the environment since it outflows and freshened the Murray Mouth country by blending the H2O in North laguna. In add-on, the estuarial status had been established for a short clip together with the impermanent proviso of foods and phytoplankton in North Lagoon. Such event besides caused the Black Beam fish larvae being collected which suggested that the flow might haveA caused spawning. Figure 3. Barrages in Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2008 ) Even though the impact of such event was really short, it was a difficult grounds of how barrage method can be really successful. The similar event was so repeated in August 2004. The bombardment method shown that bombardment flows of at least 2,000 ML/day and may keep the Murray Mouth to be opened comparatively and besides prevent sand to ingress. It is besides shown that ‘scouring ‘ of sand from the oral cavity did non happen with big volumes. Finally, direction system of fluxing H2O through bombardment has to be focused on the attempt to forestall H2O from come ining the oral cavity alternatively of taking sand after its being formatted inside.A The Water Quality Monitoring Program ( WQMP ) The WQMP is a plan aims to bring forth study and appraisal on the River Murray H2O quality that can be used as ushers and recommendation in plan constitution in the river direction system. The WQMP started its activity in 1978 in roll uping bio chemicals informations from the river on 36 sites. Statistically, between 15 to 18 bio-chemicals parametric quantities are measured every hebdomad along the length of Boundary Creek, which located between Mundo Island and Eve Island, in six monitoring sites. The WQMP provides the information sing the salt in several periods of clip from 1978 to 2000. However, it did non supply the information of H2O quality after the LMP is delivered. However, in relation to the LMP plan, the WQMP information is utile as a comparing of the information before and after the LMP plan. It besides helps in supplying the recommendation on the current direction to better the wellness of the river particularly sing icon site. Figure 4: The Water Quality Monitoring Program ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2009 ) The consequence of H2O trying from six supervising sites indicates that the 24 hr freshening activity, which occurred between 25th of August and the 27th of October 2005, A had maintain the salt degree below saltwater salt. In add-on the salt readings had indicated that the 1 m tide did non perforate past the oral cavity of boundary brook on the first September. In 14th of October, high tide indicated that some estuarial H2O was able to force up Boundary brook despite the influence was merely less than 200 m ( Murray-Darling Basin Commission 2009 ) . Decision The LMP is a plan run by three provinces in Australia that aims to retrieve and better the River Murray status that will profit all Australian by maintaining the natural being of the river which has economic sciences, ecology and cultural values. Many species and native species rely on the river and a low H2O quality on the river will do important consequence on the life things includes human along the river. Salt is a immense job for the River Murray since the natural feature of this river is already saline. Human activities over two centuries increase the salt degree of the H2O and cut down its quality. In Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth, the salt jobs is significantly act uponing the ecology and environmental conditions since the country is the lowest terminal of the flow that influenced by the human activities in the upper watercourse. The LMP is non supplying the existent and specific informations on salt degree in this country. Furthermore, the aims of this icon site are largely to better the life status for the birds and fishes. The prosperity of the LMP can be seen from the salt degree as an of import indexs in WQMP. The before and after informations was provided by the WQMP ; nevertheless, the LMP did non go on supervising the salt degree, hence the prosperity of LMP is non evidently recorded by the clear informations. The absence of the control site is one of the failings of the LMP. Without comparing the alterations in the wedged site to the control citation, the alterations can non be seen as strong grounds on the prosperity of the LMP. As the whole plan, LMP give good alterations in bettering environmental conditions of the river in Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth. However, the grounds was non clear plenty in depicting LMP prosperity to cut down salt job of this icon site. Abbreviations and acronyms EWMP: Environmental Works and Measures Program GL: Gigalitre ( 1 billion liters ) ICM: Integrated Catchment Management MDBMC: Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council NAPSWQ: National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality TLMP: The Living Murray Program MDB: Murray-Darling Basin